[Research] Ontology (Some Notes)

From Wikipedia - Ontology (computer science)
1. ontology:

• individual - 個體 (object)
• classes - 個體的集合, 群組
• attribute - 描述個體的屬性
• relations - 個體與個體之間的關係 (連結)
• events - ?

2. classes:

• extensional - 若 class C 與 class C' 擁有相同成員，則 C = C'。也就是該 class 不受外部影響。
• intensional - 非 extensional 的 class

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[Research] Related Work

Search keywords: photo, metadata, temporal, social network ZoneTag: Designing Context-Aware Mobile Media Capture to Increase Participation

using mobile device and suggested tags to help user annotation.

suggested tags: - past tags from the user - user's social network, the public - related tags near the user's location

From Context to Content: Leveraging Context to Infer Media Metadata

leverage photo metadata when cameraphone capture the picture.

use location information to infer context.

combining and sharing spatial, temporal, and social contextual metadata from a given user and across users allows us to make inferences about media content.

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[Research] Think about It

Suppose we assume that social network has been constructed (in some ways), what can we do based on this network?

It is important to experiment conducting social network is necessary.

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AAI Reading Notes - Some Terms(2)

Reference: 科學哲學課程紀要

演繹法(deduction) 最典型(簡單)的演繹法是亞里斯多德的「三段論法」。 大前提： P -> Q (成立) 小前提： P (為真) 則結論： Q (為真) 例如：

大前提： 若天下雨則地濕。 小前提：天下雨。 結論： 地濕。

* 演繹法可以有很複雜的推論過程，但其基本結構即是三段論法。

歸納法(induction) 在觀察了N個實例p1, p2, p3,…,pn均為真之後，歸納出其通則P為真。 例如：

看了n天的太陽均自東方升起，歸納得到：每天的太陽均由東方升起。

設證法(abduction) 很像演繹法，但演繹法的結論在此是小前提；演繹法的小前提，在此成了結論。結論不一定為真。許多設計的推論過程是設證法。 大前提： P -> Q (成立) 小前提： Q (為真) 則結論： P (不一定為真) 例如：

大前提： 若杯子有把手，則手不會被燙到。 小前提： (想設計)手不會被燙到(的杯子)。 結論： (設計)有把手的杯子。

【討論：要設計一個不燙手的杯子，也可能是加一「底座」，而非加「把手」。雖然加上把子可以達成設計目標，但非一定如此不可】

類比法(analogy) 前提一： P -> Q (成立) 前提二： r ≒ P (r 類似 P) 前提三： s ≒ Q (s 類似 Q) 前提四： r (為真) 結論： s (為真) 例如：

前提一： 健康的肺，可以使身體舒暢。 前提二： 公園綠地如肺。 前提三： 都市如身體。 前提四： 有充分的公園綠地。 結論： 可以有舒暢的都市。

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Jess Note

Reference: Jess document

salience: use to define the priority of rules, higher value have higher priority.

Jess> (defrule example-6
(declare (salience -100))
(command exit-when-idle)
=>
(printout t "exiting..." crlf))

the following code can match expressions with one pair parenthesis.

?f <- (expr $?front "(" $?middle ")" $?end)

$?front can match the string until reach the first "(" $?middle can match the string until reach the first ")" so does $?end.

clear: clear working memory. The working memory will be empty.

reset: reset working memory and insert all facts in deffacts.

batch hw2.clp: execute the Jess file named hw2.clp

all command must be enclosed with parenthesis

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AAI Reading Notes - Some Terms(1)

CYC:(wikipedia)(link1)

frame-language: (wikipedia) Like Object-orient language. A structure with slots: frame name, slot name and slot value. Frames are organized as hierarchy structure for inferring and reasoning.

Predicate:(citation) A predicate is a verb phrase template that describes a property of objects, or a relationship among objects represented by the variables.

CycL: (wikipedia) Based on predicate calculus and has a syntax similar to that of the Lisp programming language.

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MATLAB Notes(2)

(參考: 張智星 MATLAB程式設計【入門篇】)

一個 *.m 檔的 function 可以不只一個，但只有第一個 function 是可以給外面 call 的~ 其他的都是給裡面的 functions 互 call。

imread('test.jpg') 讀進來的矩陣 type 是 unit8/unit16 的資料型態，要做 frame difference 運算要先轉成 double。

A = imread('test.jpg'); B = rgb2gray(A); % RGB -> gray C = double(B)+1; % Because of the offset, must add 1 to convert to double

imshow: 轉成灰階之後，bitmap 改變，不能用原來的 image(A) 看圖，要用這個。

figure, imshow(B);

clc: clear command window

clear all / clear A: clear all variable or variable A

whos: see the workspace(working memory)

plot(A): 畫出 A 的曲線

type filename.txt: show the content of filename.txt

關於檔案:

fid = fopen('filename.txt', 'w'); % 'w' for write, 'r' for read fprintf(fid, 'string string'); fclose(fid); dir('.'); % see all files at current directory, also include '.' and '..' dir('./*.jpg'); % see all JPEG files at current directory. files = dir('./*.jpg'); filename = files(1).name; % get the first file's name.

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MATLAB Notes(1)

(參考: 張智星 MATLAB程式設計【入門篇】)

*.m 是 MATLAB 的程式檔案格式，依照內容又可分為 script 跟 function 兩種。

呼叫 function 是用 "file name" (所以一個檔案只能有一個 function?)

範例:(factTest.m)

function output = fact(n) % FACT Calculate factorial of a given positive integer (for-loop version) output = 1; for i = 1:n,    output = output * i; end

執行: (命令列)

>> y = factTest(5) y =    120

function 沒有回傳值怎麼辦?

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